Assessing the level of assertiveness among college students. Consisting of over 600 pages of superior education, it is presently ranked as a top 10 selfhelp book and positioned in the top 5 amidst publications on selfhelp and like themes. It involves standing up for yourself in a way that encourages conversation rather than defensiveness. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Aug 12, 2017 the rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Spencer rathus s trademark readerfriendly, effective approach is evident throughout. Assertiveness is a marker of selfefficacy and a key component of. Standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule. The following table will show you how your score compares to those of 764 college women and 637 men from 35 campuses across the united states. The 19item simple rathus assertiveness scale short form srassf had acceptable reliability.
The adapted scale as well as the normalized standard scores, and t scores are also provided. Data were collected using the rathus assertiveness scale and the coopersmith selfesteem scale. Self assessment last one head last one head 42 42 the rathus assertiveness. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. For example, if you are a woman and your score was 26, it exceeded that of 80% of the women in the sample. This brief, affordable paperback includes downloadable flashcards that allow students to. Readers are cautioned that the findings of this study must be qualified by the replacement of the sixpoint scale on the rathus instrument with a fivepoint scale. This research was an attempt to determine the usefullness of the rathus assertiveness schedule with preadolescent and early adolescent students. I find the ras raths assertiveness scale too close to aggression. Some people see themselves as highly assertive, but sometimes this gets confused with aggressiveness. Measures of assertiveness that existed at the time were considered outdated. Rathus assertiveness schedule, academic selfefficacy scale, the inventory for.
The present study attempted to assess the feasibility of predicting from a persons performance on the rathus assertiveness schedule and the college selfexpression scale his ability to respond with positive assertion to situations requiring such behaviors. Spence rathus is a veteran author who, in addition to his intro and development books with thomson learning, publishes texts in adjustment and abnormal psychology with other publishers. Pdf adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaas. The book explains rich in readerfriendly features and uptotheminute research, spencer rathus s tenth edition of psychology. Pdf diminished assertiveness has been associated with neuroticism. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a. Technical report overview what this questionnaire measures. As a social skill, assertiveness is essential for your wellbeing.
The 30item rathus assertiveness schedule was modified for the seventh grade population using the method of peer ratings. Item analysis shows that 27 of the 30 items correlate significantly with the total scale score and 19 of 30 correlate significantly with external criteria. Rathus connects the core concepts of psychology to the events and issues students encounter every. Assertiveness, sexrole stereotyping, and selfconcept. Rathus connects the core concepts of psychology to the events and issues students encounter every day. In addition, rathus s text features the most integrated multiplatform media package available, the full web site that features selfstudy assessments, video connections. Indicate how characteristic or descriptive each of the following statements is of you by using the code given below.
Investigated the adequacy of the rathus assertiveness schedule ras as a global measure of assertiveness. Use of the rathus assertiveness schedule with offenders. Adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales aaa s article pdf available in journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment 333. Revel human sexuality in a changing world provides a clear overview of this diverse field, aimed at helping students see the effects of both biology and culture upon human sexuality. However, offenders were found to achievehigher ras scores than previously reported for college students and other normative groups. Standardization of the rathus assertiveness schedule, journal. The rathus assertiveness schedule modified for early.
The test can help differentiate between aggressiveness and assertiveness. The primary outcomes will be level of assertiveness measured by validated assertiveness measurement tools such as, but not limited to, the rathus assertiveness scale 24 and the assertiveness inventory, 25 and level of communication competence measured by. The relationship of extraversion and neuroticism to two. Amidst cheggs inventory of available titles to rent or purchase, this edition is a top 1,000 book, illustrating its. In the context of education, assertiveness may be defined as the ability to express ones beliefs, wants, or feelings in a selfassured and direct manner. Ethnic and cultural norms influence an individuals assertiveness. Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker encounters interpersonal problems that should be. In addition, derived scores were calculated from z score norms developed for each item. Special attention is devoted to the issues of norms, reliability of measurement, validity, use of factor analytic strategies, social desirability, and reading difficulty. The linkage between assertiveness and apprehension about communication, as. This instrument includes 30 items, 16 reversed to avoid response bias, and employs a sixpoint likerttype response format. One hundred fortyfour college students completed the eysenck personality inventory and the rathus assertiveness schedule ras and wrote their behavioral reactions to five scenarios in which an assertive behavior was an appropriate response.
Second, i put together the scale for use in my doctoral research on the efficacy of videotaped assertiveness. The rathus assertiveness scale ras was designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Handout assertiveness scale self assessment last one. The method of peer rating itself attained a moderate to high splithalf reliability n108, 0. All you have to do is draw a circle around the number that describes you best. Majority of the adolescents were moderately assertive, 75% and 53. The rathus assertiveness schedule modified for early adolescents. The ras was administered to 3 undergraduate men and women, and percentile norms were developed from the obtained distribution of total scores. Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of. This resource shows how assertiveness can be considered on a scale with aggression and passivity.
His research interests include treatment of obesity and eating disorders, smoking cessation, human growth and development, methods of therapy, and sexual dysfunctions. To me, the videotaped treatmentwas the important featureofmy research. Burkholder university of rhode island four studies were conducted to develop and validate the sexual assertiveness scale sas, a measure. Splithalf reliability scores are of moderate to high acceptability n108, 0. When people with different thoughts and sensibilities are put in some situation, they exhibit behavior that vary from one to another. Use this questionnaire by following these guidelines. The rathus assertiveness schedule exploring your mind.
This can be used in a variety of ways to support assertive behaviour and assertive communication as part of social skills. Assertiveness formative questionnaire technical report. This single page document is the november 1, 1969 reactor refueling outage. The ras provides a score and a percentile for interpretation. The scale,by comparison, was an afterthought, and i submiffed it for independent publication merely in hopes of building my vita. It is also an instrument for measuring behavioural change in assertion training. On the basis of the responses of 61 male and 73 female undergraduate students to the a rathus assertiveness schedule, b college selfexpression scale, c list of stereotypic items, and d tennessee self concept scale, it was found that in both. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras is a 30item selfreport instrument designed by rathus to measure assertiveness.
For some questions, the assertive end of the scale. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras, one of the most widely used assessments, is a 30item instrument that uses a sixpoint likert scale to measure characteristics associated with aggressiveness and assertiveness rathus, 1973. In order to foster a more personal and impactful learning experience, authors spencer rathus, jeffrey nevid, and lois fichner rathus encourage students to reflect upon. Dec 12, 2017 the purpose of the present study was to develop a measure for functional assertiveness, the functional assertiveness scale fas. Higher scores on both subscales were associated with increases in assertiveness and masculinity as measured by the rathus schedule and the bem inventory. Studies of the reliability and validity of a schedule for measuring assertiveness are presented. Rich in readerfriendly features and uptotheminute research, spencer rathus s ninth edition of psychology. Let us observe four types of people and their different behaviors in those situations. Extraversion showed a significant positive correlation with the ras in both males and females. Previous research in assertiveness has often failed to differentiate the behaviors to be subsumed within the construct. Rathus is known for his warm, encouraging writing style and applied approach to learning. It should be noted that this is not necessarily an indication of a lack of reliability or validity within a. Assertiveness scale sas was developed to measure initiation of wanted sexual experience, refusal of unwanted sexual experience, and prevention of pregnancystds with a regular partner.
The 19item simple rathus assertiveness scale short form srassf had acceptable reliability a. Hlth engages students with interactive health check assessments, in addition to a range of features on everything from the effect of socioeconomic status on health to a checklist to. Assertiveness is the ability to express your opinions, feelings, ideas, and needs openly, in a way that is true to who you are and respectful of others. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure for functional assertiveness, the functional assertiveness scale fas. You might want to use the results as a guide in planning your own personal growth program and. Scoring key for the rathus assertiveness schedule the first step to score this scale is to change the sign for the items that are reverse scored. Human sexuality in a changing world provides a clear overview of this diverse field, aimed at helping students see the effects of both biology and culture upon human sexuality. The rathus assertiveness schedule, developed by dr. The srassf reduces response burden, while maintaining reliability and validity. The assertiveness construct, at that time, was the equivalent to the construct later known as social skills caballo 1997.
Behavior therapy 1973 4, 398406 a 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior1 spencer a. Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker. Seventyfive ss, who spanned the range of assertiveness, completed two selfreport measures of assertiveness, the rathus assertiveness scale ras and the college selfexpression scale cses. The scheduleis shown to have moderate to high testrestest reliability r. Summary this study addressed the question of how the dimensions of sexrole stereotyping and selfconcept relate to differences in assertiveness. Knowing how to express your thoughts and needs and defending your rights can boost your relationship with others and improve your selfesteem. Tick in one of the columns 1, 2, 3, or 4 according to your level of comfort given as follows. Feb 01, 20 abstract this study aimed to examine the relationship between assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents, including both athletes and nonathletes.
Page 1 of 1 start over page 1 of 1 this shopping feature will continue to load items when the enter key is pressed. He is the author of the widely used rathus assertiveness schedule and has written several college textbooks, including psych, hdev, aids. For some questions the assertive end of the scale is at 0, for others at 4. Rathus assertiveness schedule and rosenberg selfesteem scale were used to assess the assertiveness and selfesteem in adolescents. The rathus assertiveness schedules can measure the following.
The purpose of this study was to develop more specific normative data for the rathus assertiveness schedcule ras. Also, the rathus schedule has another purpose as a training guide. S is explored in order to provide qualitative interpretation criteria. Functional assertiveness is a new concept of assertiveness that represents a method of appropriate self. Im looking for a good short scale to measure assertiveness. If information on a particular psychometric was not found, it is indicated as no information provided. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras was administered to a sample of young adult male offenders. Rathus may gradually develop confidence and increased tolerance for negative feedback. Rathus assertiveness schedule and college selfexpression. Just when she is about to be attended to, a guy jumps the queue and requests her to let him put his query across. Handout assertiveness scale self assessment last one head. Epidemiological evaluation of shortform versions of. Analysis indicated that the ras does not provide a unidimensional index of assertiveness, but rather measures a number of factors including situationspecific assertive behavior, aggressiveness, and a more general assertiveness.
Functional assertiveness is defined as interpersonal communication that occurs when a speaker encounters interpersonal problems that. The only score is your own evaluation of how you close you actually come to your own ideal level of assertiveness. In order to foster a more personal and impactful learning experience, authors spencer rathus, jeffrey nevid, and lois fichner rathus encourage students to reflect. The results showed that there is a significantly stronger. In order to navigate out of this carousel please use your. Diya has been waiting in the queue of a subway inquiry post for the last 30 minutes to get the details of a particular train. Information on reliability and validity are provided below. The rathus assertiveness scale raswas designed to measure a persons level of assertiveness. Social skills selfreport measure the rathus assertiveness schedule ras is a 30item selfreport. Measuring dimensions of objective effectiveness and pragmatic politeness takashi mitamura1, ritsumeikan university abstract. The 19item simple rathus assertiveness scaleshort form srassf had acceptable. Analysis of scores revealed adequate reliability and a potentially useful factor structure. The sas was designed to measure sexual assertiveness specifically in women, because previous theorists have established the. The rathus assertiveness schedule ras is a 30item selfreport instrument designed by rathus 1973 to measure assertiveness.
The 30item rathus assertiveness schedule was modified for the seventhgrade population using the method of peer ratings. Measures rathus assertiveness inventory rai and peer pressure scale pps and a questionnaire form with 15 questions that addressed sociodemographic features, reasons to choose nursing profession and whether they were satisfied with their decision to be a nursing student were used. Ratiius montclair state college, new jersey a 30item schedule for measuring assertiveness is presented. The results support the interpretation of the selfefficacy scale as a measure of expectancies of personal ability to initiate and persist in the performance of behaviors. Considerations regarding the usage of a shorter version of the scale are discussed, as are the implications of the finding that assertiveness covaries negatively with impressions of. What every student needs to know, human sexuality in a changing world, abnormal psychology in a changing world, and childhood and adolescence. The participants were adolescents n1006 aged 12 to 14 years, residing in izmir, turkey. Some of the rass items were based on social situations included in different questionnaires while some other items were suggested by.
View homework help handout assertiveness scale from sowk 5303 at east tennessee state university. Emmons the following questions will be helpful in assessing your assertiveness. Previously it has been used with outpatients, institutionalized adults, or with college students. Self assessment last one head last one head 42 42 the rathus assertiveness schedule how assertive. Developing a short form of the simple rathus assertiveness. Concepts and connections previously known as psychology in the new millennium makes your students introduction to psychology a meaningful, personal experience. The sched ule is shown to have moderate to high testrestest reliability r. Effectiveness of assertive communication training programs. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to ras rathus assertiveness schedule. A 30item schedule for assessing assertive behavior.
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